The observed PM2.5 and PM10 concentration reached 377 and 710 g m3, respectively. There are several samples with high Si concentrations especially at the Yogyakarta site (Figs. https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2011.024 The determination of chemical elements concentrations in airborne particulate matter collected in suburban area of Lembang, Indonesia, was reported by Lestiani et al. Wed love to have you as part of our community. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards of Indonesia, which were last evaluated in 1999, are presently being reviewed for potential revision. 1. and Hopke, P.K. SCRAM Systems Merges with LMG Holdings Better Outcomes. A calibration of the filter-paper method of estimation of smoke. Most samples were collected on weekdays. Major elements in PM2.5 including Si, S, K, Fe, Zn, and Pb will be discussed. PM2.5; PM10; BC; Chemical composition; Indonesia. Alcohol Monitoring Systems closed its last funding round on Dec 17, 2014 from a Private Equity round. The distribution of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and BC concentrations for each of the 17 sites (7 sites on Java island and 10 outside Java) in period between 2010 and 2017 are summarized in Table 2. J. Biotechnol. (2008). Following through with your plan and staying focused on your goal will help you succeed in beating the Scram alcohol monitoring system; Can You Drink the Night before Getting a Scram Bracelet . Better products. The box-and-whisker plot of Pb concentrations in PM2.5 at the 16 cities in Indonesia. Rahman, S.A., Hamzah, M.S., Wood, A.K., Elias, M.S., Adullah Salim, N.A. S8S17. Built on a reputation of excellence, the Attenti Monitoring Centers operate 24/7 and offer quality service. Adventini, N., Santoso, M., Lestiani, D. D., Syahfitri, W. Y. N. and Rixson, L. (2017). The high silica concentrations may represent a human health threat if the silica is in crystalline form. Heart J. Santoso, M. and Lestiani, D.D. Some PM2.5 concentrations in Manado were high in 2014, 2015, and 2017 because of New Years celebrations and the effects of volcanic eruptions such as Mount Lokon and Mount Soputan. It is the provincial capital of West Java and is categorized as an industrial city. Comprehensive research needs to be carried out to confirm whether theseindustrial activities contributes significantly to the air quality in Semarang. Eur. Betha, R., Pradani, M., Lestari, P., Joshi, U.M., Reid, J.S. Exploring the variation between EC and BC in a variety of locations exploring the variation between EC and BC in a variety of locations. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.016 J. Bangladesh Acad. The average sulfur concentrations in the 16 cities variedwith the highest average of 1061 ng m3 (Fig. Setiabudi, Komplek Diklat, Semarang, Indonesia8The Environmental Protection Agency of East Java, Jl. Baxter, P.J. In Table 2 are summary statistics for the samples collected between 2010 and 2017. Stratospheric volcanic ash emissions from the 13 February 2014 Kelut eruption. Sci.. 32: 209217. Fig. Thats a Bargain. Phys. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0451. The concentration of PM10 was below the Indonesian standard as shown in Table 4 and Fig. Assessment of biomass open burning emissions in Indonesia and potential climate forcing impact. Pekanbaru is the capital city of Riau, the largest economic center in the eastern part of Sumatra island, and has a high growth rate of migration and urbanization. 1 Kuningan Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia5The Environmental Protection Agency of West Java, Jl Naripan 25 Bandung, Indonesia6Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia7The Environmental Protection Agency of Center Java, Jl. Several programs have been implemented such as increasing the number and quality of mass transportation, requiring a minimum number of passengers in one car (three in one), implementing car-free days, and various other programs, but these efforts have not been able to reach the goal of bringing the annual average concentration of PM2.5 below the Indonesian standard. 7 and S7). Impact of unleaded gasoline introduction on the concentration of lead in the air of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 101 Constitution Avenue, NW Sampling at the various sites occurred over differing time periods as given in Table 1. During the forest fire episodes of 2015, the average daily PM2.5 concentrations in Pekanbaru and Palangka Raya rose above the national daily ambient standard (65 g m3). 2: 197206. Palangka Raya has the largest area in Indonesia, equivalent to 3.6 times the area of Jakarta. Ser. The annual average PM2.5 in these cities were lower than the Indonesian standard except in Pekanbaru. Zn was likely emitted by motor vehicles and industrial activities. Technol. Int. The annual average PM2.5 and PM10 values for all sites are provided in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. (2006). Elemental Concentrations Finally, a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) study that examined programs that utilize transdermal alcohol monitoring found: Responsibility.org supports the use of technologies such as alcohol interlocks and continuous alcohol monitoring for DUI offenders. AQMS. S19 is lower than Indonesian daily standard, it substantially exceeded WHO annual average standard (20 g m3). Law Nucl. Error bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile values. For Semarang, the annual average PM2.5 concentration over the 5 years of monitoring (20132017) failed to achieve the Indonesian standard as shown in Fig. Who invested in Alcohol Monitoring Systems? DENVER, Jan. 25, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Alcohol Monitoring Systems, Inc. (DBA SCRAM Systems), is a leading provider of electronic monitoring devices and software solutions for the criminal justice . 2021 Impact Factor:4.535-Year Impact Factor:3.668, CLOCKSS system has permission to ingest, preserve, and serve this Archival Unit. (2015). Light absorbing carbon (black carbon [BC]) in the samples was determined by reflectance measurement using an EEL Model 43D smoke stain reflectometer that measures the reduction in reflected white light (Biswas et al., 2003; Coulson and Ellison, 1963; Commins and Waller, 1967). The time series of Pb concentration in Surabaya_1, Surabaya_2 and Tangerang are shown in Figs. Our remote technology allows for testing to be done anytime, anywhere. The aerosol masses of both PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 fractions were determined by weighing the filters before and after exposure, then divided by the sampled air volume to obtain the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 concentrations (g m3). Jakarta is the capital and the mega-city of Indonesia with a 2017 population of 10,177,924 (BPS, 2018). During the sampling period, there were several volcanic eruptions in Indonesia including Mount Sinabung in Medan (Kusmartini et al., 2017), Mount Lokon in Manado, Mount Kelud in Central Java, and Mount Agung in Bali. (2011). Chapter 60 - Impacts of Eruptions on Human Health. IOP Conf. While compared to sites outside Java, the Pb concentrations in Tangerang were 40, 84, and 101 times higher than Ambon, Jayapura and Palangka Raya, respectively. Mutaqin, B.W., Lavigne, F., Hadmoko, D.S. Sattar, Y., Rashid, M., Ramli, M. and Sabariah, B. Although previous studies have presented the chemical composition of PM2.5 and source identification results, there has not been a comprehensive study conducted for multiple cities across Indonesia covering more than 3 years that provides fine and coarse particle mass concentration and composition. 7 shows that high Si concentrations occurred from several events including the volcanic eruption and local construction activities. It should be noted that the Gent sampler underestimates PM2.5 mass concentrations because the 50% collection efficiency point is closer to 2.2 m than 2.5 m (Hopke et al., 1997). 9. Information regarding the sampling sites and the measurement periods are provided in Table 1. Pollut. The distributions of the PM2.5-to-PM10 ratio for the 17 sites show a wide range of values. (2018). The NAT method is generally only able to characterize 50% of the total mass of particulates, so to improve understanding of sources of pollutants, it is recommended that further research be able to combine the NAT method with other methods. (1967). Landsberger, S. (1999). Res. var addy_text7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b = '';document.getElementById('cloak7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b').innerHTML += ''+addy_text7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b+'<\/a>'; (2008) reported the mean PM2.5 concentrations in Bandung and Lembang between 2002 and 2004 were 14.03 6.86 and 11.88 6.60 g m3, respectively. Bloomberg Surveillance with Tom Keene, Jonathan Ferro & Lisa Abramowicz live from New York, bringing insight on global markets and the top business stories of the day. Atmos. 18: 457463. Owing to forest and peat fires, Palangka Raya displayed the maximum concentrations of sulfur, and high values for this element were also observed in Bandung, where relatively continual gaseous emission from Mount Tangkuban Perahu and the combustion of high sulfur vehicular fuel were contributing factors. Fig. By using this site you agree to its use of cookies. From choosing baby's name to helping a teenager choose a college, you'll make . Transdermal monitoring helps to enforce abstinence orders. Atanacio, A.J., Cohen, D.D., Begum, B.A., Ni, B., Pandit, G.G., Sahu, S.K., Santoso, M., Lestiani, D.D., Lim, J.M., Rahman, S.A., Elias, M.S., Shagjjamba, D., Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique, N., Pabroa, P.C., Santos, F.L., Seneviratne, M.C.S., Handagiripathira, L., Karydas, A. These values were much higher compared to other cities in Asian countries (Hopke et al., 2008), and Surabaya_2 and Tangerang sites exceed the U.S. ambient air quality standard of 0.15 g m3. 8), which was lower than the value of average sulfur in Petaling Jaya (1935ng m3) (Rahman et al., 2011). Santoso et al. High PM2.5 concentrations occurred in July to November 2014 and might be related to a long dry season. With the ability to manage a variety of drug and alcohol testing options, electronic monitoring devices, and more, supervising authorities can seamlessly track client compliance, financials, and progress across entire programs. Besides that, the authors also thank the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the RCA RAS7029 and TC INS7007 projects. and Sanuri, E. (2011). It is a multicultural metropolitan area and a busy trading center. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.09.0150 Does Biden Infrastructure Plan require breathalyzers? Fact check The high S concentration in Palangka Raya and Pekanbaru were likely from the peat forest fires that occurred in Kalimantan and Sumatra during the study period. As part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia has more than 100 active volcanoes and millions of people live in danger zones. Alternatively, the urban sites in Ambon, Makassar, Semarang and Tangerang had ratios higher than 0.5 due to greater influence from traffic emissions. The mean PM2.5-10 concentrations in Bandung and Lembang were 17.64 9.42 and 7.10 7.04 g m3, respectively. S16). The site in Yogyakarta is 283 km west of the volcano, while Semarang and Surabaya are located 318 km northwest and 131 km northeast of the volcano, respectively. Two-stroke motor vehicles use oil containing additives that include zinc compounds to increase its lubricating capability. Kelud erupted on 14 February 2014 at 22:50 Western Indonesian Time (UTC + 7). https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/46/058/46058300.pdf?r=1&r=1 : Earth Environ. and Rita. (Ed. Sources likely include industrial activities, extensive infrastructure construction across the city including highways and mass transit lines. Previous studies have shown that southern Tangerang has serious air pollution problem, mainly related to high Pb concentration in PM2.5 which are very dangerous for the health of the surrounding community especially for children (Santoso et al., 2011). and Waller, R.E. Lead pollution is very dangerous to the environment and health especially for children because it can cause mental retardation (Sharma et al., 2011; Karrari et al., 2012). Santoso, M., Hopke, P.K., Hidayat, A. and Diah Dwiana, L. (2008). As part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia has more than 100 active volcanoes and millions of people live in danger zones. Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K., Markwitz, A. and Hopke, P.K. (2019). K is a tracer for biomass combustion. S and K concentrations in the three samples were 12.7, 11.4, 2.7 g m3 and 0.40, 0.42, 0.29 g m3, respectively (Fig. Denpasar is the capital of Bali province, famous for its tourism industry giving it a high income per capita in Bali. The 8 years of monitoring in Jakarta (20102017) showed the average annual PM2.5 concentrations failed to meet Indonesian standard. Surabaya_1 is located nearer to the urban centers, while Surabaya_2 is located on the border of Surabaya and Sidoarjo that has major industrial activity. Zinc is also emitted from industrial activities such as non-ferrous metal smelting, galvanizing operations, and municipal solid waste incineration(Hopke et al., 2008). For method validation, 2783 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) samples were periodically analyzed. Kristiansen, N.I., Prata, A.J., Stohl, A. and Carn, S.A. (2015). S1 and S7, respectively. Fig. Haryanto, B. The authors also gratefully acknowledge to all the staff members in Radiometry Analytical Techniques group in Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology (BATAN) and Center for Research and Development of Laboratory and Environmental Quality, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, for their technical assistance. Atmos. and Hopke, P.K. The agency and a group of 16 automakers have been jointly funding research on alcohol monitoring since 2008, forming a group called Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety. Fig. Kurniawati, S., Santoso, M., Lestiani, D.D., Atmodjo, D.P.D., Sari, D.K. Peat is the first step in geological formation in coal formation. The Surabaya_2 and Tangerang sites exceeded the 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Indonesia for lead in total suspended particulate matter of 2 g m3 (Santoso et al., 2019). The 2014 volcanic event significantly influenced air quality especially in Yogyakarta because volcanic ash was dispersed across an area of more than 500 km from the source (Lestiani et al., 2018). IOP Conf. S18S19. Fig. The kinetics of combustion of gaseous sulphur compounds. 297: 165169. 1. Black Carbon (BC) The cities outside of Java, however, except for Pekanbaru and Palangka Raya, were in compliance with the standard. The whisker plot represents 25th and 75th percentile values, outliers, median (solid black line in the box), mean (red line). While compared to sites outside Java, the Pb concentrations in Tangerang were 40, 84, and 101 times higher than Ambon, Jayapura and Palangka Raya, respectively. This symbol indicates that this product shall not be treated as household For Denpasar compared to other sites outside of Java, high BC concentrations were likely a result of burning incense and other biomass burning. The city is surrounded by hills and mountain ranges. The ankle bracelet alcohol monitoring system is an example of one that is often used in criminal justice. 10351047. METHODS 122: 571578. 10 shows that high concentrations of Zn were found in several cities. 2, the Indonesian annual standard of 15 g m3 (spanned horizontal line) and 24-h standard of 65 g m3 (dashed line) are shown, while in Fig. AMSs primary product, SCRAMx, is the leading transdermal continuous alcohol monitoring ankle bracelet (CAM bracelet) that is worn by the offender and monitors the offenders alcohol level every 30 minutes. Cullis, C.M. 12 cities had ratios less than 0.5 indicating considerable involvement of higher coarse particle masses. Active, Closed, Last funding round type (e.g. Atmos. (2013). B 318: 113118. Motorized vehicles in Jakarta are not only from local Jakarta but also from several cities around it. (2016). S19. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; and Kusmartini, I. and Kurniawati, S. (2018). The box-and-whisker plot for BC concentrations measured in the 16 cities in Indonesia. Black carbon and elemental concentration of ambient particulate matter in Makassar Indonesia. 5. ABOUT US. Ambon has a total area of 377km2 or two-fifths of Ambon Island that consists of land area of 359.45 km2 and waters of 17.55 km2 with a coastline of 98 km. Health Perspect. (2001) who conducted an analysis of haze particle (0.153m) from Kalimantan that had an S/K ratio of 918. The authors also gratefully acknowledge to all the staff members in Radiometry Analytical Techniques group in Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology (BATAN) and Center for Research and Development of Laboratory and Environmental Quality, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, for their technical assistance. + Show author affiliations SCRAM Systems Announces Partnership with CourtFact, LLC to Provide the BACtrack Skyn is designed to measure the alcohol coming from your skin and then estimate your blood alcohol content (BAC) range, in near real-time. 5. Get our news straight to your inbox. Compared to 2012, the PM2.5 concentrations during forest fires were around 78 times higher than normal conditions (Lestiani et al., 2019). The PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 as seen in Fig. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz135 Alcohol Monitoring Systems serves customers in the United States. Kusmartini, I., Syahfitri, W.Y.N., Kurniawati, S., Lestiani, D.D. Pekanbaru is the capital city of Riau, the largest economic center in the eastern part of Sumatra island, and has a high growth rate of migration and urbanization. Some high PM2.5 concentrations in Medan in 2014, 2016 and 2017 resulted from the extended eruption of Mount Sinabung located 80 km from the city. In Elemental analysis of airborne particles, Creatchman, M. Br. Similar results were reported by Sulong et al. AMS's primary product, SCRAMx, is the leading transdermal continuous alcohol monitoring ankle bracelet (CAM bracelet) that is worn by the . Addiction Treatment Providers & Family Law Professionals. Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K. Landsberger, S. (1999). 2, 3, and S16. Zinc is also emitted from industrial activities such as non-ferrous metal smelting, galvanizing operations, and municipal solid waste incineration(Hopke et al., 2008). Alcohol Monitoring Systems - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding As the second-largest city after Jakarta, Surabaya had a population of 2.87 million in 2017. Environ. Average BC contributions to PM2.5 ranged from 1526%. The time series plots for the Yogyakarta sites is provided in Fig. Medan is the capital of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra. Commins, B.T. Although the annual average met the Indonesian standards, the 8-year annual average for both sites exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard for PM2.5 (10 g m3). IOP Conf. Fig. Atmos. Crystalline silica is known to cause silicosis, a disabling and potentially fatal lung disease typically found in miners and quarry workers exposed to high concentrations of siliceous dust over long periods (Baxter and Horwell, 2015). Environ. BACtrack Skyn | Wearable Alcohol Biosensor - BACtrack Skyn Better data. Fig. Key issues in controlling air pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (1967). and Biswas, S.K. ), Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. Technol. Adventini, N., Santoso, M., Lestiani, D. D., Syahfitri, W. Y. N. and Rixson, L. (2017). Denpasar is the capital of Bali province, famous for its tourism industry giving it a high income per capita in Bali. We, The Riverside Company, use statistical cookies to monitor how you and other visitors use our website. Up to 2015, Indonesian authorities operated an air quality monitoring network that utilized a variety of techniques such as the Air Quality Management System (AQMS), a network for continuous automated monitors for CO, SO2, NOx, O3, and PM10 (PM < 10 m) in 10 cities combined with passive monitors to measure NO2 and SO2 concentrations in 33 provinces. Stratospheric volcanic ash emissions from the 13 February 2014 Kelut eruption. and Sanuri, E. (2011). The lead concentrations in Surabaya are the highest for all of the monitored cities. 8. S18), except for the 2013 annual average at Surabaya_1. PDF Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM) Technology I have said often, as soon as they go public I want in. and Kusmartini, I. 7. The economy of Manado consists of the trade, hotels and restaurants, transportation and communications, and other aspects of the service sector. As seen in Figs. Fig. Bandung is located about 150 km southeast of Jakarta. 10. 2: 190196. SCRAM Systems merges with LMG Holdings - LifeSafer Ignition Interlock Santoso et al. The aerosol masses of both PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 fractions were determined by weighing the filters before and after exposure, then divided by the sampled air volume to obtain the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 concentrations (g m3). Most people are familiar with the standard alcohol breathalyzer test, but few know about the Scram bracelet. (2014). The determination of chemical elements concentrations in airborne particulate matter collected in suburban area of Lembang, Indonesia, was reported by Lestiani et al. For Jakarta, the BC sources were attributed to motor vehicles since the sampling site in Jakarta was located near one of the busiest arterial roads (Santoso et al., 2013a). The PM10 concentrations were obtained by summing these two values. The box-and-whisker plot of Si concentrations in PM2.5 at the 16 cities in Indonesia. and Suprayadi, L.S. and Harjanto, H. (2001). Yogyakarta is the capital city of special region of Yogyakarta, with an area of 32.5 km2. Several mitigation programs have been implemented, but these efforts have not been able to significantly reduce the PM concentration in these cities likely due to a rapid growth of industry, population, and motor vehicle usage. Hopke, P.K, Cohen, D.D., Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K., Ni, B., Pandit, G.G., Santoso, M., Chung, Y.S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique, N., Santos, F.L., Pabroa, P.C.B., Seneviratne, M.C.S., Wimolwattanapun, W., Bunprapob, S., Vuongm, T.B., Duy Hien, P. and Markowicz, A. 9. A total of 6672 samples were collected from 17 sites in 16 cities in Indonesia and analyzed for mass and chemical composition including BC. Besides that, the authors also thank the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the RCA RAS7029 and TC INS7007 projects. . Bappenas (2006). Akhtar, R. and Palagiano, C. Urban air quality in the Asian region. PM2.5 concentrations on Java generally exceeded the air quality standards. A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures. (2016). Nuclear analytical techniques such as neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, and ion beam analysis (Hopke et al., 2008; Santoso et al., 2011; Cohen et al., 2014) are highly suitable for characterizing the elemental compositions of PM samples. Soberlink strives to erase the stigma of alcohol monitoring by designing and developing the very best technology for a modern, discreet user experience. Sci. The topography of this area is quite varied, from the plains to the slopes and hills or mountains ranging to 700meters above sea level. S1S17. Between 2012 to 2017, there was a significant increase in the number of motor vehicles, cars and motorbikes. But compared to other study by Rahman (2011), Begum et al. Sampling at the various sites occurred over differing time periods as given in Table 1. Palangka Raya is the capital of Central Kalimantan province with an area of 2400 km2 and part of its territory is still forest, including protected forest, nature conservation and Tangkiling Forest. Kurniawati, S., Santoso, M., Lestiani, D.D., Atmodjo, D.P.D., Sari, D.K. Although previous studies have presented the chemical composition of PM2.5 and source identification results, there has not been a comprehensive study conducted for multiple cities across Indonesia covering more than 3 years that provides fine and coarse particle mass concentration and composition. Although the air quality outside Java was generally good, some locations were vulnerable to forest fire problems that occur regularly and occasional volcanos. The Compnay offers alcohol breath testing, GPS location, house arrest monitoring systems. The source of lead in PM2.5 was identified to be associated with a lead battery recycling and bar production facility (Santoso et al., 2011). The percentage of BC, which is associated with traffic emission and biomass burning, averaged between 15% and 26% (a significant fraction) in the PM2.5. Lestiani, D.D, Santoso, M., Kurniawati, S., Sari, D.K., Kusmartini, I., Manurung, A. and Riadi, A. Santoso, M, Lestiani, D.D. Characterization of the Gent stacked filter unit PM10 sampler. This monitoring network will continue to be developed. It is the provincial capital of West Java and is categorized as an industrial city. 12. Sampling at these 17 sites was conducted using Gent stacked filter unit (SFU) particle samplers to collect PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 size fractions (Hopke et al., 1997). Salako, G.O., Hopke, P.K., Cohen, D.D., Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K., Pandit, G.G., Chung, Y.S., Rahman, S.A., Hamzah, M.S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Shagjjamba, D., Lodoysamba, S., Wimolwattanapun, W. and Bunprapob, S. (2012). Assessment of Urban Air Quality in Indonesia. 26: 814. As the capital city of Central Java province, Semarang has an industrial area with various industries including electronics assembly, motor vehicles industry, and garment industry. 1 Kuningan Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia5The Environmental Protection Agency of West Java, Jl Naripan 25 Bandung, Indonesia6Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia7The Environmental Protection Agency of Center Java, Jl. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alcohol Monitoring Systems Inc - Company Profile and News A study by Khan et al. Santoso, M, Lestiani, D.D. Brauer, M., Freedman, G., Frostad, J., Van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R.V., Dentener, F., van Dingenen, R., Estep, K., Amini, H., Apte, J.S., Balakrishnan, K., Barregard, L., Broday, D., Feigin, V., Ghosh, S., Hopke, P.K., Knibbs, L.D., Kokubo, Y., Liu, Y., Cohen, A. Fig. Characterization of the Gent stacked filter unit PM. To evaluate the effectiveness of the control programs and to support planning, data that are characteristic of urban air quality are needed. The NTSB wants all new vehicles to check drivers for alcohol use Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global burden of disease 2013. The box-and-whisker plot of Zn concentrations in PM2.5 at the 16 cities in Indonesia. However, there are several episodes of volcanic eruptions located around Yogyakarta causing high concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10. Although the daily average for PM10 as shown in Table 4 and Fig. (2013b). Black carbon and elemental concentration of ambient particulate matter in Makassar Indonesia. The samples were collected at least once per week for 24 h at urban residential sites on 8-m pore coated Nuclepore filters for the coarse fraction sample and on 0.4-m pore Nuclepore filters for the fine fraction sample. The annual average PM2.5 values at Surabaya_1 and Surabaya_2 sites exceed Indonesian standards (Table 3 and Fig. In a study of a horrific 2021 crash that killed nine, the NTSB called for "passive vehicle-integrated alcohol impairment detection systems, advanced driver monitoring systems or a combination of . Impact of regional haze towards air quality in Malaysia: A review. The NAT method is generally only able to characterize 50% of the total mass of particulates, so to improve understanding of sources of pollutants, it is recommended that further research be able to combine the NAT method with other methods. Similar results were obtained by Ikegami et al. Santoso, M., Lestiani, D.D. 5. Therefore, air quality monitoring in Tangerang needs to be done continuously to ensure the effectiveness of the programs undertaken to improve its air quality. Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring is an automated alcohol-monitoring device that uses transdermal testing to measure the amount of alcohol in person's body, known as . 53: 13551362. High mass concentrations in Bandung and Yogyakarta resulted from the Kelud volcano eruption, as seen in Figs. The high concentration of sulfur at Palangka Raya comes from samples collected in October 2015 during the forest fire events as shown in Fig.

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