Virginia Civil War Confederate Units 32nd through 86th Although Confederates wanted separation from the Union and, over time, they grew to resent and even hate Northerners, very few took any pleasure from the prospect of killing other men. Trained and first led by Thomas J. Militia units were organizing from the mountains to the Tidewater. Danville during the Civil War - Encyclopedia Virginia List of Virginia Civil War units - Wikipedia Overview of Virginia's role during the American Civil War, This article is about the Confederate commonwealth of Virginia between 1861 and 1865. A number of textile plants, flour mills, brick factories, newspapers and book publishers were located in Richmond. In Virginia, support for the Confederacy, which demanded that soldiers remain in the army long after their original twelve-month contract ended, overlapped nearly perfectly with a defense of the state and of soldiers home communities. Virginia provided the following units to the Virginia Militia and the Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS) during the American Civil War. Richmond, Petersburg, Alexandria, and other bona fide cities provided more anonymity and thus saw lower rates. Known as the Restored Government of Virginia, it was officially recognized by the Lincoln administration. Union forces attempted to take control of the railroad junction at Manassas for use as a supply line, but the Confederate Army had moved its forces by train to meet the Union. This website can also be searched by the name of a soldier. Francis Pierpont was elected governor. Danville with a population of 3,500, meanwhile, had emerged as the capital of a vast leaf-tobacco empire in Southside Virginia. It was the target of two battles. At the First Battle of Manassas in July 1861, they made a critical stand on Henry Hill, turning the tide of the wars first major battle and prompting an onlooker to famously compare Jackson to a stone wall. Civil War Regiments: Virginia-West Virginia | eHISTORY Hon. [17] During the debates, the sixth resolution calling for a peaceful solution and maintenance of the Union came up for discussion on April 4. With Grigsby, it participated in the capture of Harpers Ferry and the bloody Battle of Antietam, where fighting in the West Woods was so intense that at one point in the day Grigsby, by virtue of having survived, was commanding a whole division. We invite you to learn more about Indians in Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia. It contains basic facts about soldiers on both sides of the Civil War, a list of regiments, descriptions of significant battles . Richmond was the only large-scale industrial city controlled by the Confederacy during most of the Civil War. You can find civil war reenactments all over the country 12 months out of the year. Virginia Humanities acknowledges the Monacan Nation, the original people of the land and waters of our home in Charlottesville, Virginia. 37 & 38, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, call to all states that had not declared a secession, including Virginia, for sending troops, Virginia Conventions Wheeling Conventions of 1861, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park, Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, "Why Non-Slaveholding Southerners Fought", "Speech of Henry Benning to the Virginia Convention", "On This Day: Legislative Moments in Virginia History", "Ratification of the Ordinance of Secession", "Education from LVA: Referendum on Secession", "How Virginia Convention Delegates Voted on Secession, April 4 and April 17, 1861, and Whether They Signed a Copy of the Ordinance of Secession", "Voting with Their Arms: Civil War Military Enlistments and the Formation of West Virginia, 18611865", Virginia Soldiers (Confederate) during the Civil War, "Virginia Lawmakers Grapple With Removal of Civil War Statues", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Virginia: 186162, National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Virginia: 1863, National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Virginia: 1864, National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Virginia: 1865, Guerilla Warfare in Virginia During the Civil War in, Poverty and Poor Relief During the Civil War in, Confederate Impressment During the Civil War in, List of C.S. Still, such harsh punishment did little to staunch an absentee rate in the brigade that at times reached over 25 percent. [28], Events then outpaced the convention. The valley was connected to Richmond via the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River and Kanawha Canal. Virginia's Confederate government fielded about 155,000 troops in the American Civil War, more than any other state within the Confederacy. This represents a remarkable mobilization of resources and demonstrates how the Civil War represented an all-consuming experience for those who lived through it. For all soldiers, but especially for those reared in the Christian tradition, the aversion to killing manifested itself in a perpetual repugnance over what soldiers were called to do. Collections include private papers such as diaries, letters, and reminiscences, as well as some state government records, local government records, and Confederate government records. Another 32,000 served in Union forces; most of these came from the counties that today comprise the state of West Virginia, while a number of West Virginia troops were recruited from the neighboring states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Units raised in the western counties prior to the creation of the state of West Virginia were often known as, "loyal Virginians," who formed the Restored government of Virginia in Wheeling, West Virginia in . 1st Regiment, Virginia Light Artillery (Pendleton's) (Confederate) Alburtis'-Wise Battery was formed in 1859 and entered Confederate service during April, 1861. Army of Northern Virginia - Encyclopedia Virginia It is not a supposable case [] war will break out everywhere like hidden fire from the earth, and it is probable that the white race, being superior in every respect, may push the other back. Additional records are described in Virginia in the Civil War and United States Civil War, 1861 to 1865. The city's loss to the Union army in April 1865 made a Union victory in the Civil War inevitable. The information in this listof Virginia Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors website (CWSS). [8] The committee was made up of 4 secessionists, 10 moderates, and 7 unionists. [50] He concluded that 24 counties favored secession and 26 opposed it. Civil War Reenactment Groups - Milsurpia Encyclopedia Virginia946 Grady Ave. Ste. Virginia Civil War Confederate Cavalry Units FamilySearch Some African Americans, both freedmen and runaway slaves, enlisted in states as far away as Massachusetts. Still, for reasons unknown, Jackson replaced Grigsby with Brigadier General Elisha Paxton. The brigade would come to be known as the Stonewall Brigade, one of the most famous and accomplished units of its kind. Historians have only recently gained a detailed and reliable picture of who actually fought for the state during the war. "Stonewall" Jackson. 3rd Regiment, Virginia State Line (Cavalry and Infantry) (Confederate) "Units of the Confederate States Army" by Joseph H. Crute, Jr. contains no history for this unit. Virginia Ancestral Trackers Civil War Research Guides & Indexes: Virginia in the American Civil War: Home Klein pp. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 1st Virginia Brigade (Stonewall Brigade) 2nd Virginia Brigade Cdrs: John M. Jones 3rd Virginia Brigade Wise Legion 1st (Stuart's) Virginia. 2930. A smaller set of motivations emerged within the state over the course of the conflict. During the summer of 1861, parts of the northern, western and eastern Virginia, including the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, were returned to Union control. Several recent studies have used quantitative evidence to demonstrate that wealthy men were overrepresented in the armed forces. Ayers (p. 125) notes that Baldwin had said that "there is but one single subject of complaint which Virginia has to make against the government under which we live; a complaint made by the whole South, and that is the subject of African slavery. Cavalry Battalions, Companies, and Mounted Rifle Guards, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Lists of military units and formations of the American Civil War, 1st Battalion Virginia Cavalry, Local Defense, 24th Battalion Virginia Cavalry Partisan Rangers (Scott's), 27th Battalion Virginia Cavalry Partisan Rangers, Captain McNeill's Virginia Partisan Ranger Company, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, 4th Virginia Cavalry Brigade (Laurel Brigade), 39th Battalion Virginia Cavalry (Richardson's Battalion of Scouts, Guides, and Couriers), Ferguson's Battalion Virginia Cavalry (Guyandotte), 1st Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 2nd Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 3rd Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 4th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 5th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 8th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 9th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 11th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Patrol Guard, 12th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, 13th Congressional District, Virginia Mounted Guard, Harness' Independent Company, Virginia Cavalry, Moorman's Virginia Cavalry Company (Greenbrier), Young's Virginia Cavalry Company (converted Howitzers, Marine Artillery), 18th Virginia Cavalry (aka 1st Regiment Virginia Partisan Rangers), 37th Battalion Virginia Cavalry Partisan Rangers (Dunn's), Swann's Battalion Virginia Cavalry (Carpenter's), Hounshell's Battalion Virginia Partisan Rangers, Baldwin's Squadron, Partisan Rangers Company, Captain Thurmond's Virginia Partisan Rangers Company, 10th Battalion, Virginia Heavy Artillery (Allen's), 19th Battalion, Virginia Heavy Artillery (Atkinson's), 38th Battalion, Virginia Light Artillery (Read's), 1st Regiment, Virginia Light Artillery (Pendleton's), Bayley's Battery (Virginia Heavy Artillery), Marion Artillery (Wilkinson's Battery) (Virginia Heavy Artillery), Portsmouth Artillery (Light), Grimes Battery, 1st Stuart's Horse Artillery (John Pelham Battery - a Maryland Confederate unit), 16th Regiment Militia (Spottsylvania Co.), 29th Regiment Militia (Isle of Wight Co.), 36th Regiment Militia (Prince William Co.), 37th Regiment Militia (Northumberland Co.), 39th Regiment Militia (Town of Petersburg), 52nd Regiment Militia (New Kent Co. and Charles City Co.), 58th Regiment Militia (eastern Rockingham Co.), 64th Regiment Militia Henry County, Virginia, 68th Regiment Militia (James City Co. and part of York Co.), 87th Regiment Militia (King Williams Co.), 97th Regiment Militia (Spitler's Militia, Shenandoah Co.), 107th Regiment Militia (Randolph Co., WV), 111th Regiment Militia (Westmoreland Co.), 114th Regiment Militia (Hampshire Co., WV), 115th Regiment Militia (Elizabeth City Co., Warwick Co., and part of York Co.), 116th Regiment Militia (western Rockingham Co.), 1st Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Ordnance Battalion), 2nd Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Waller's/Quartermaster Battalion), 3rd Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Departmental), 4th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Naval/Navy Department Battalion), 5th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Arsenal Battalion), 6th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Tredegar Battalion), 7th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (1st Nitre Battalion), 1st Regiment Loyal Eastern Virginia Volunteers, Dameron's Independent Company, Virginia Volunteers. A Civil War Reenactment is the recreation of past battles for the education and entertainment of both spectators and hobbyists alike. These areas were mainly located in northwestern Virginia. Infantry 1st West Virginia Infantry (3 months service) 1st West Virginia Infantry 1st West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 5th and 9th West Virginia Infantry) 2nd West Virginia Infantry (later 5th West Virginia Cavalry) 2nd West Virginia Veteran Infantry (consolidation of 1st and 4th West Virginia Infantry) 3rd West Virginia Infantry 2020 Virginia Humanities, All Rights Reserved , Confederate Fortifications Outside Petersburg. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1992- 1995. At least one Virginian actually served in both the Confederate and Union armies. About: 1st Virginia Infantry Regiment - DBpedia Association As a Southern slave-holding state, Virginia held the state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on April 4, 1861. Historic Blakely State Park Siege of Fort Blakeley, Alabama Fort Blakeley, AL -The Last Battle of the Civil War Military Units Participating in 1865 Mobile Campaign The Mobile Campaign, Battle of Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort Hawkins' Division of 6,000 Black Troops History of 73rd U.S.C.T. Rather than the eighteen-year-old second sons long thought to have filled the ranks of the Civil War armies, Virginia soldiers were, on average, twenty-six years old; 55 percent of them were the heads of their respective households. Though Virginia soldiers served in all branches and participated in all theaters of war, a significant majority of them fought within the boundaries of their own state. For all men, campaigns and battles meant constant hunger, dirt, and sickness. Historians have made much of the autonomous lives that most Virginia men lived prior to the war and drawn the assumption that they could not be reconciled to the demands of the army. Numerous battlefields and sites have been partially or fully preserved in Virginia. The Stonewall Brigade, under the command of Brigadier General Charles Winder, performs well during the Seven Days' Battles of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill. Opinion shifted after the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12, and April 15, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion. slaves) and places [in the South] belonging to the United States. List of West Virginia Civil War Confederate units - Wikipedia Richmond had shipyards too, although they were smaller than the shipyards controlled by the Union in Norfolk, Virginia. This list may not be all inclusive. Fredericksburg Battle Facts and Summary - American Battlefield Trust Civil War Regiments, Rosters and Muster Rolls | Access Genealogy Virginia Regiments, Batteries and Battalions - The Civil War in the East West Virginia, which seceded from Virginia to join the Union, provided the following units to the Union Army during the American Civil War. This website can also be searched by the name of a soldier. This is an index to a collection of unofficial rosters of soldiers from Virginia who served in the military forces of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War: Sir: I have received your telegram of the 15th, the genuineness of which I doubted. At the outbreak of the war Petersburg, Virginia, was second only to Richmond among Virginia cities in terms of population and industrialization. ", Potter, pp. Despite the diversity of cultural backgrounds from which soldiers came, most found the necessity to engage in violence and killing morally repugnant. Regiment lost during service 3 Officers and 56 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 131 Enlisted men by disease. In 1863, forty-eight northwestern Unionist counties seceded from Virginia to create West Virginia. Thomas J. [7] Simultaneous to the February 4 election delegates from the first six states to secede (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana) met in Montgomery and four days later founded the Confederate States of America. The perplexed Union soldiers asked who his uncle was and the soldier replied his name is Uncle Sam. Quantitative evidence reveals that the smaller a community, the higher its enlistment rates; small places, where every eligible man was known to his neighbors by sight, offered no place to hide. In June, Virginian unionists met at the Wheeling Convention to set up the Restored Government of Virginia. The Union policy of attacking Confederate resources had the desired effect of weakening Confederate armies to the point of collapse, but it did little to endear the Union to Virginians or inspire confidence in the U.S. government after the war. The first military executions for desertion in the Army of Northern Virginia include men of the Stonewall Brigade who are shot by firing squad under Thomas J. 545546. Virginia - U.S. National Park Service "[29], News of the Fort's fall reached Richmond on the evening of April 13. Ex-Governor Henry A. Civil War Units & Regimental Information | eHISTORY Union general George B. McClellan was forced to retreat from Richmond by Robert E. Lee's army. It should not be confused with its principal opponent, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Robert E. Lee . April 17 marked the effective secession of Virginia. Civil War Units & Regimental Information I. The latter battle, which featured a risky flanking maneuver by Jacksons men, was also the bloodiest engagement in the brigades history, claiming the lives of both Paxton and Jackson. [19] The goal of the unionist faction after this approval was to adjourn the convention until October, allowing time for both the convention of the slave states and Virginia's congressional elections in May which, they hoped, would produce a stronger mandate for compromise.[20]. The city's warehouses were the supply and logistical center for Confederate forces. Consequently, the brigade was disbanded and its components combined with other units into a new command under Colonel William Terry. ", Robertson, p. 8. The Stonewall Brigade was a collection of five Virginia infantry regiments and an artillery battery in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Of the more than 6,000 men who had served in the Stonewall Brigade over the course of the war, only 210 are still in arms. June 19-26. Ulysses Grant's Overland Campaign was fought in Virginia. It surrendered on April 9, 1865. While one school of thought argues that slaveholders used their positions and wealth to avoid service, the evidence from Virginia shows that these men conceptualized the war as a threat to their property and future security and acted to protect both. Meanwhile, Brigadier General Charles Winder took over the brigade, ably leading it through hard marching and heavy fighting first in the Valley and then, with the Army of Northern Virginia, at the Seven Days Battles of Gainess Mill and Malvern Hill in June and July 1862. Virginia provided the following units to the Virginia Militia and the Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS) during the American Civil War. One delegate reiterated the state's cause of secession and the purpose of the convention: Sir, the great question which is now uprooting this Government to its foundation the great question which underlies all our deliberations here, is the question of African slavery. Francis H. Pierpont was selected as governor of Virginia and a rump legislature was composed of former members of the Virginia Assembly who supported the Union. On October 16, 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of 22 men in a raid on the Federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Most of the battles in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War took place in Virginia because the Confederacy had to defend its national capital at Richmond, and public opinion in the North demanded that the Union move "On to Richmond!" Contents 1 Units 87th through 108th 2 Units 109th through 127th 3 Units 129th through 146th 4 Units 151st through 185th 5 Units 187th through 198th Units 87th through 108th The information in this listof Virginia Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors website (CWSS). [34] With Virginia still in a delicate balance, with no firm determination yet to secede,[citation needed] sentiment turned more strongly toward secession on April 15, following President Lincoln's call to all states that had not declared a secession, including Virginia, for sending troops to assist in halting the insurrection and recovering the captured forts.[35]. On April 27, 1861, the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33rd Virginia infantry regiments, along with the Rockbridge Artillery Battery, were combined into what was then called Virginias First Brigade and placed under the command of Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson. That is the fate which abolition will bring upon the white race. On April 17, 1861, when the Richmond convention voted in favor of Virginia's secession from the United States, the 49 delegates that represented the 50 counties of the future state of West Virginia voted 32 to 13 against secession, with 4 delegates absent or abstaining. Nevins, pp. At the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Charles Winder, commander of the Stonewall Brigade, is mortally wounded. president. Lee was offered a Union command on April 18, one day after Virginia's effective secession, but he turned it down. The information in this list of Virginia Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors website (CWSS). Organized in September, 1861. 1415. Many western members of the assembly however assumed their offices in Richmond, which reflected the deep divisions among the western counties. It entered service with the 5th Cavalry on May 17, 1861 under the command of Captain Christopher F. Fisher. Civil War - West Virginia 17th Infantry. Could the nation survive a civil war intact, and would that nation exist without slavery? Another 20,000 of these troops were from what would become the State of West Virginia in August 1863. Governor Letcher and the recently reconvened Virginia Secession Convention considered this request from Lincoln "for troops to invade and coerce"[36] lacking in constitutional authority, and out of scope of the Act of 1795. Civil War in Virginia - Virginia Is For Lovers These were roughly 21,000 white Virginians (including West Virginians), and roughly 6,000 Virginians of African ancestry. During the first year of the war, the low immunities nurtured in small Virginia communities before the war generated very high illness rates. However, at least 30,000 of these men were actually from other states. [5], On November 15, 1860, Virginia Governor John Letcher called for a special session of the General Assembly to consider, among other issues, the creation of a secession convention. Governor Letcher's "reply to that call wrought an immediate change in the current of public opinion in Virginia",[36] whereupon he issued the following reply: Executive Department, Richmond, Va., April 15, 1861. Evacuation of Harpers Ferry. This page has been viewed 5,762 times (0 via redirect). On April 9, 1865, the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia in the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia signaled the end of the nation's largest war. This website can also be searched by the name of a soldier. Studies of North Carolina suggest that in some cases soldiers from that state responded to pleas from their families by deserting and returning home. The Army of Northern Virginia was the most successful Confederate army during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Virginia Soldiers (Confederate) during the Civil War The legislature convened on January 7 and approved the convention on January 14. War Department, Washington, April 15, 1861. Colonel James Walker then led the unit through the Gettysburg, Mine Run (1863), and Wilderness (1864) campaigns, all of which saw the Stonewall Brigade take heavy losses that left it but a shell of its former self. View Unit / Regimental Information By State: Unit Rosters By Individual State A veteran of the Mexican War (18461848) who, until recently, had been an artillery instructor at the Virginia Military Institute, Jackson was a stern taskmaster who drilled the troops relentlessly. The American flag was lowered from over the capitol building, replaced with the Confederate flag. [27] Over Lincoln's skepticism, Baldwin argued that Virginia would be out of the Union within forty-eight hours if either side fired a shot in the vicinity of the fort. The conference's recommendations, which differed little from the, Robertson, p. 8. [30] An April 9 Confederate cabinet meeting resulted in President Davis ordering General P. G. T. Beauregard to take the Fort before supplies could reach it. Virginia provided the following units to the Virginia Militia and the Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS) during the American Civil War. While a majority of the state would look for compromises to the sectional differences, most people also opposed any restrictions on slaveholders' rights. All of these regiments had been raised in the Shenandoah Valley, with the 4th and 27th Virginia coming from communities located at the southern end of the Valley, such as Lexington, Wytheville, and Pulaski. He died during Picketts Charge in 1863. In 1861, a set of easily identifiable motives compelled high enlistment rates across the state. Most soldiers stressed their defense of Virginia and their homes from what they regarded as an invading army (even if that army was only traveling through Virginia to reach South Carolina, which initiated the conflict in April). Historian Ed Ayers, who felt that "even Fort Sumter might have passed, however, had Lincoln not called for the arming of volunteers",[39] wrote of the convention's final decision: The decision came from what seemed to many white Virginians the unavoidable logic of the situation: Virginia was a slave state; the Republicans had announced their intention of limiting slavery; slavery was protected by the sovereignty of the state; an attack on that sovereignty by military force was an assault on the freedom of property and political representation that sovereignty embodied.

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